I use multiple systems, and all seem to have some kind of way to ease the use of password prompts:
On MacOS you can use the fingerprint reader, or the Apple Watch to authorize operations (yep, even sudo)
On Windows, Windows hello allows you to authorize using a fingerprint reader or specific camera setup
Fingerprint readers are not as widely supported in Linux as in Windows because of vendor limitations (they just don’t care).
Is there any other recommended way to authorize operations on a desktop computer using something similar to the other systems? (Fingerprint readers, Bluetooth auth, etc)
You should look into PAM and PAM authentication methods. It is what authenticates users on Linux and supports many authentication methods including fingerprint and face.