Correct, solid copper bus bars are also common in certain applications.

Home Assistant is open source and self-hosted and doesn’t require internet to operate. The z-wave devices connect directly to the device running Home Assistant. If you want Home Assistant to be private it absolutely can be.

I just use Brave on iOS. It works fine for YouTube.

It’s worse than that. If you read the Verge article they’re reporting on an article from another publication. It’s a story of a story of a story.