Measure it’s resistance if in a pinch. If it is in the kilohms range it is a thermistor. If it is super low resistance, it is a thermocouple. 10k ohms is the most common thermistor used in nearly everything consumer related. Nearly all common thermocouples are the same type too. It has been awhile, but IIRC they are k-type. The main difference in function is heat range. The thermistor is for lower temps and is less linear across the range in the cheap common ones. The thermocouple is two different types of wire welded at a junction at the tip. The heat causes a tiny voltage potential due to the different metals bonded together.

At scale of mass manufacturing, the thermistor is a fraction of a penny, while the thermocouple is a few cents. However the thermocouple requires an analog amplifier circuit to function, so this adds complexity in electrolytics. A thermistor is stupid simple and only requires a resistive voltage divider and any voltage threshold trigger circuit, so like a zener diode, capacitor, and single transistor.

The packaging of the sensor is the only thing you are paying for, and that is just for its mechanical mount and position, maybe some heat mass stability. A thermistor cannot handle direct flame temps, but a thermocouple technically can. In practice only the packaging of the sensor will contact a flame in some cases. Thermocouples are more rare but usually in any appliances that use natural gas. Thermistors are the third or third and fourth connection in most battery packs and found in almost anything with heat or temperature sensitive constraints.

In a pinch, all you need is the same sensing element. A coat hanger or anything similar may be a way to improvise holding it in place… should you ever need it.

The other type of common temperature regulation is a mechanical switch that uses a bimetal strip that deforms to close contacts. These will not work with the other two. Any device you hear a faint audible click from when heating, is using this type of temperature regulation. Typically old dumb coffee pots, clothes irons, etc. Thermistors are used in most small devices with some type of digital interface and a battery or heat.

It is democratic. You have a right to all information, the right to error, the right to skepticism, and the right to protest in all nonviolent forms aka the right to offend others.

In this regime of rights, the right to skepticism is the fundamental. You have a right to think for yourself. Authoritarianism is the opposite. Trust is its fulcrum and individual thought, belief, and access to information are not rights of individuals.

You cannot have democracy and citizens without outlets of free expression of all types. There is no way to know if some group is in collusion or spreading misinformation for various purposes. Having the right to anonymously express and check concerns in the public commons is absolutely critical to democracy. Any attempt to remove it is an attack on skepticism, the fundamental cornerstone of democracy that if removed causes total collapse.

When I had my auto body shop, I got access to some estimating software for a short bit. I quickly spotted a pattern where if I looked at a job and honestly estimated, back of the napkin style, how long the job would take for each step, the software estimated 3 times that amount, but it took the long way around to arrive at the same baseline. The supplies were always doubled. This is how I look at every task now. Give it your best estimates and triple that time. assuming you understand the scope of the work, you’ll encompass around 90% of work tasks with the rest going over or under.

The main problem is when following instructions for command line tools. They might figure out how to use dnf instead of apt, but the extra layers required for ostree are not very friendly. There are a ton of potential frustrations in this area, especially with GPU stuff or hobbyist hardware like Arduino where kernel stuff is needed in userland. At least as of nearly 3 years ago, the documentation in this area sucks. I was on Silverblue for a few years and managed to get through the frustrations due to intermediate experience level. I found toolbox useless compared to distrobox. But using this with something like Arduino was annoying at best. The needed dependencies expected by whatever stuff I wanted to install was usually a big mystery with near useless error failure messages and names of packages and libraries totally unrelated to the package naming in DNF. When updating the base OS, stuff built in these containers is totally useless because I could not update the containers to the new OS image. Playing around with Flash Forth on a microcontroller was even worse. I ended up layering a bunch of stuff on the host because the containers were just not working. When I got an Nvidia machine, I went to Fedora Workstation and have had far fewer issues and frustrations. SB wasn’t bad, but it is a pain to use these if you need kernel level access. Just my $0.02. I was actually on SB for ~2-3 years.

I asked the principal engineer about the rider used in aerodynamic testing. He grinned and replied – “but they sure are pretty, right?”

NDA’s

I peed before riding and only carried one water bottle.

No, but I just use a browser for everything. That alters my habits quite a bit. The apps are optimised for retention. When I’m in a browser, it just hits different for me, like I’m going to a public commons versus some lord or the rings magic jewelry kept in my digital pocket. It is not a thing I own, or am a part of in a tribalistic sense.

Gate all around. I expect my waffle and syrup to hug each other. No one likes a lethargic partner.

Gold of the gods. We are all spaceships for the microbes.

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Check DNS logs. Discord is proprietary undocumented garbage that connects to dozens of raw IP addresses that have no documentation, rhyme, or reasoning. You have no clue what or who is connected in that mess of garbage, or why they are there.

It is about like, I’m going to give you access to a phone, a special phone, it just works.

It is a prison phone. You are in prison when you use it… technically. But you don’t really “see” the “place”. The other inmates are all around you. They see you, but you don’t see them. Never mind that though, the phone just works. Lots of people love that phone. Nobody asks questions. Just use the phone and pay no attention to all the rest. It will be fine.

Business model? Viability? Never mind all of that. Don’t ask questions like that. The numbers do not add up in the slightest. That is the magic of prisons. Justice costs a lot, but it is worth it right. Magic phone is easy. Ask no questions. Expect no answers. Totally normal, everyone is doing it.

The whole thing is a mass of clueless zombie morons that ask no questions and have no idea who what or why they are connected to with all those raw IP addresses. They all give trust blindly without accountability or understanding.

Is fluxer as network f’ed up as Discord without the minimum democratic standard of human readable domains, or is it the slavery of dozens of undocumented raw IP addresses?

Becoming a roadie and riding a bike everywhere for years fixed me feeling like this. I had to get over all of my insecurities being in public in a cycling kit. Being around other people riding and racing, it became my normal. Now… I don’t have to look at me, so why the fuck should I care what anyone thinks. They are used to it or whatever, who cares. I’m more interested in inferring their real intelligence versus narcissistic stupidity based on their responses. Old people are all ugly. “For your age” is just an excuse for it. The vanity is boring. People who are judgmental are just projecting their own inadequacy and internal misery.

Chemistry, math, physics, optics, metallurgy… The thing that is hard is how your needs for knowledge will change over time and what is accessible to you at each stage.

For general electronics, The Art of Electronics is the goto book. For actually understanding practical stuff, you need to build a knowledge of the industrial revolution and how it evolved. The inventions of James Watt opened up steam. The Bessemer process scaled iron. Large heavy castings drove the potential for large lathes, but lathes are the key to everything. A lathe is capable of cutting a more precise screw than the one used to operate it. That old screw can be replaced with the new, until you achieve your desired precision.

A reference flat is made using two granite stones rubbed together with water in between until the top one creates suction that can lift the other.

Prussian blue and hand scraping are used to make machine flat surfaces.

Automotive suspension components like springs and torsion bars are a good source of cheap tool steel. Engine heads are a good source of casting scrap and quality hardware. Wipers, window motors, and starters are great for building machines. Understanding how to repair and diagnose this stuff is a major skill. Knowing how to make real controlled heat is fundamentally important.

I’ve never encountered single sources for this stuff.

When the first door is revealed, obviously the probabilities are unchanged. The almighty protagonist of human exceptionalism must choose the path to alter the winds of the fates. Pray the great Apollo smiles upon thy being. For speaking the word “same” is to alter the universe of satyr sophistry.

I don’t care to look it up, cause that ain’t the point of social media. What is the Monty Hall problem?

No country on Earth is like this. No polity is unified without opposition. Additionally, making this statement here, when it is obviously false, in a place where at least half the people are from the US, and likely all of those are left leaning and just as much victims if not more so, seems like rather tepid malevolence.