• jerkface@lemmy.ca
    link
    fedilink
    English
    arrow-up
    22
    arrow-down
    5
    ·
    edit-2
    1 day ago

    Even for like 20 years after mousing became the primary interface, you could still navigate much faster using keyboard shortcuts / accelerator keys. Application designers no longer consider that feature. Now you are obliged to constantly take your fingers off home position, find the mouse, move it 3cm, aim it carefully, click, and move your hand back to home position, an operation taking a couple of seconds or more, when the equivalent keyboard commands could have been issued in a couple hundred milliseconds.

      • sugar_in_your_tea@sh.itjust.works
        link
        fedilink
        English
        arrow-up
        8
        ·
        1 day ago

        I don’t think mice were a mistake, but they’re worse for most of the tasks I do. I’m a software engineer and I suck at art, so I just need to write, compile, and test code.

        There are some things a mouse is way better for:

        • drawing (well, a drawing tablet is better)
        • 3d modeling
        • editing photos
        • first person shooters (KB works fine for OG Doom though)
        • bulk file operations (a decent KB interface could work though)

        But for almost everything else, I prefer a keyboard.

        And while we’re on a tangent, I hate WASD, why shift my fingers over from the normal home row position? It should be ESDF, which feels way more natural…

        • Wav_function@lemmy.world
          link
          fedilink
          English
          arrow-up
          4
          ·
          edit-2
          1 day ago

          Thanks, I got you beat on ESDF though because i’m a RDFG man, since playing counter strike 1.6. With WASD they usually put crouch or something on ctrl but my pinky has a hard time stretching down there, but on RDFG my pinky has easy access to QW AS ZX, and tab caps and shift with a little stretch. It’s come in handy when playing games with a lot of keybinds.

          • jerkface@lemmy.ca
            link
            fedilink
            English
            arrow-up
            6
            ·
            1 day ago

            Pfff, minutes after trying to minimize your nerdiness, you post this confession.

          • sugar_in_your_tea@sh.itjust.works
            link
            fedilink
            English
            arrow-up
            4
            ·
            24 hours ago

            What pisses me off even more is many games bind to the letter instead of physical key position (e.g. key code), so alternative layouts get a big middle finger. I use Dvorak, and I’ve quit fighting and just switch to QWERTY for games.

            I don’t have a problem with hitting control (I guess I have big hands), but I totally agree that default key binds largely suck. I wish games came with a handful of popular ones, and bound to key codes so hs Dvorak users (or international users) didn’t have to keep switching to QWERTY.

            • iopq@lemmy.world
              link
              fedilink
              English
              arrow-up
              1
              ·
              5 hours ago

              That feel when you switch languages to chat and the hotkeys don’t work

        • jerkface@lemmy.ca
          link
          fedilink
          English
          arrow-up
          4
          ·
          edit-2
          1 day ago

          I always rebind to ESDF if the game doesn’t do stupid things preventing it from being practical. The addition of the 1QAZ strip being available to the pinky is a killer feature all on its own. I typically use that for weapon switching, instead of having to stretch up to 1234 and take my fingers off the movement keys.

          Tablets are better than mice at drawing, modelling, and photo editing. Mice are good for first person shooters. Game controllers are better for most other games. You can mouse in dired-mode i guess, if you’re a casual.

          • sugar_in_your_tea@sh.itjust.works
            link
            fedilink
            English
            arrow-up
            1
            ·
            1 day ago

            The problem is they generally use E and F for something, which results in a cascade of rebinding.

            And yeah, tablets are better, but they’re also more expensive and don’t do other mice things. For how rarely I do 3D modeling and whatnot (pretty rare), making sure my mouse has a middle button is plenty.

            And yeah, I much prefer controller, even for FPS since I don’t play competitively (even then, I’ve seen awesome videos about gyro aiming).

            • jerkface@lemmy.ca
              link
              fedilink
              English
              arrow-up
              1
              ·
              edit-2
              23 hours ago

              E and F is certainly is a problem, but developing your own custom key map is almost always part of a larger process of becoming more effective anyway. Typically I start by just moving all left-hand bindings right by one key.

              I feel like the mouse is a good generalist, jack of all trades input device, but outside of fps, I feel that any task that quote requires unquote a mouse is done better with a tablet. They are of equivalent price, honestly. Mice are not cheap, tablets are not expensive.

              Right now I am using voice dictation because it is better than typing on a phone, but oh my God it sucks so bad.

              • sugar_in_your_tea@sh.itjust.works
                link
                fedilink
                English
                arrow-up
                1
                ·
                24 hours ago

                I generally don’t play the same game consistently and rarely spend more than 40 hours (usually 10-15) in a given game. For most of the games I spend more time in, it’s either mouse driven (most strategy games) or I use a controller (most third person/top down games). And for the few I play that use WASD, my kids also play on my computer (e.g. Minecraft).

                So I just don’t edit keybindings very often. I actually sometimes avoid playing WASD games because fixing the keys is a pain, especially when some games don’t update the in-game hints or don’t warm when there’s a collision (silently unbinds the key). It’s annoying and I don’t understand why it was ever a thing.

                • jerkface@lemmy.ca
                  link
                  fedilink
                  English
                  arrow-up
                  2
                  ·
                  23 hours ago

                  Takes thousands of hours just to git gud! I play for the sense of fluency and control that only comes with extending your sense of body and self into the game world. I play strategy games to relax, but I play my mains to channel the torrents of energy swirling around in my head.

                  • sugar_in_your_tea@sh.itjust.works
                    link
                    fedilink
                    English
                    arrow-up
                    2
                    ·
                    23 hours ago

                    Lol, I used to be that way. But now I have kids and don’t have hours to git gud anymore, so I go for variety of experience instead of depth, except for a handful of strategy games I really like (Paradox games mostly).

        • EngineerGaming@feddit.nl
          link
          fedilink
          English
          arrow-up
          3
          ·
          1 day ago

          I am using ESDF because my “A” key stopped being as responsive, didn’t expect someone to do this on purpose!

          • sugar_in_your_tea@sh.itjust.works
            link
            fedilink
            English
            arrow-up
            2
            ·
            24 hours ago

            It’s just more ergonomic. My hands are already there, why shift them? Oh, and use QAZ instead of Tab, Shift, and Ctrl, they’re right there.

      • jerkface@lemmy.ca
        link
        fedilink
        English
        arrow-up
        8
        arrow-down
        2
        ·
        edit-2
        1 day ago

        It’s also an age thing. My visual processing is getting worse and worse. My disorientation facing a busy screen with literally thousands of objects that can be interacted with by mouse is a cognitive drain compared to a textual interface where I do most of the work abstractly without having to use visual processing at all. Like reading a book vs watching a movie.

        I probably have a lot more experience using pre-mouse era computers than most people. It’s like being asked to start using a different language when you are 20. Yeah, you’ll become perfectly fluent for a couple decades… but you’ll also lose that language first when you get old.

        I have noticed that millenials navigate multilayer mouse interfaces (like going down a few chained drop down menus) way faster than I ever did. And zoomers use touch screen keyboards almost as well as I ever touchtyped. Brains are only plastic to a degree, and it just plain feels good to use all those neurons that you first laid down when you were young and your mind was infinite.

    • Agent641@lemmy.world
      link
      fedilink
      English
      arrow-up
      11
      ·
      1 day ago

      I just use a mouse to type in stuff using the on screen keyboard. It’s annoying having to take the ball out and clean it, but you get used to it.

        • jerkface@lemmy.ca
          link
          fedilink
          English
          arrow-up
          4
          arrow-down
          1
          ·
          1 day ago

          I used the logitech optical trackball mouse for quite a few years! Did not play a lot of FPS a that time…

          • Flying Squid@lemmy.world
            link
            fedilink
            English
            arrow-up
            2
            ·
            1 day ago

            I love trackballs (except that Kensington above. It was basically a pinch your skin torture device.) I still use the Logitech M570 trackball. It’s pretty good.

            My favorite of all time though was the Logitech Trackman Vista. Absolutely perfect form factor that Logitech just gave up on one day and I will never know why.

            • jerkface@lemmy.ca
              link
              fedilink
              English
              arrow-up
              2
              ·
              edit-2
              1 day ago

              Looks like it’s a finger ball, rather than the thumb ball Logitech usually favours? Middle finger on LMB, ring finger on RMB? Ohhh, THUMB on LMB.

              • Flying Squid@lemmy.world
                link
                fedilink
                English
                arrow-up
                2
                ·
                edit-2
                1 day ago

                Well the beauty of it was that it was comfortable to use with index finger or thumb. Which was nice when you were doing something precise or wanted to do something that involved a lot of broad movement.

      • Wav_function@lemmy.world
        link
        fedilink
        English
        arrow-up
        4
        ·
        1 day ago

        Hey they made new technology where you can just yell at the computer and it’ll understand 60% of what you’re saying.

        • jerkface@lemmy.ca
          link
          fedilink
          English
          arrow-up
          2
          ·
          23 hours ago

          Reminds me of the ancient technology where you just kick it until you get a more tractable problem.

      • jerkface@lemmy.ca
        link
        fedilink
        English
        arrow-up
        3
        arrow-down
        1
        ·
        1 day ago

        I kept every mouse ball I ever obtained and display them in my china cabinet.

    • rottingleaf@lemmy.world
      link
      fedilink
      English
      arrow-up
      4
      ·
      23 hours ago

      That functionality (first necessary, then required by guidelines, then expected, and then still usual) disciplined UI designers to make things doable in a clear sequence of actions.

      Now they think any ape can make a UI if it knows the new shiny buzzwords like “material design” or “air” or whatever. And they do! Except humans can’t use those UIs.

      BTW, about their “air”. One can look at ancient UI paradigms, specifically SunView, OpenLook and Motif (I’m currently excited about Sun history again), Windows 3.*, and also Win9x (with WinXP being more or less inside the same paradigm). And one can see that of these only Motif had anything resembling their “air”. And Motif is generally considered clunky and less usable than the rest of the mentioned (I personally consider OpenLook the best), but compared to modern UIs even Motif does that “air” part the way it seems to make some sense, and feels less clunky, making me wonder how is that even possible.

      FFS, modern UI designers don’t even think it’s necessary to clearly and consistently separate buttons and links from text.

      And also - freedom in Web and UI design has proven to be a mistake. UIs should be native. Web browsers should display pages adaptively (we have such and such blocks of text and such and such links), their appearance should be decided on the client and be native too, except pictures. Gemini is the right way to go for the Web.

      • jerkface@lemmy.ca
        link
        fedilink
        English
        arrow-up
        2
        ·
        edit-2
        23 hours ago

        I feel your pain and irrelevancy with crystalline clarity. The world isn’t interested in doing things the right way, or even in a good way; consumers are too perversely enthralled by capital’s interests. I kind of hate that computers ever became a consumer good.

    • Dozzi92@lemmy.world
      link
      fedilink
      English
      arrow-up
      5
      ·
      1 day ago

      When I’m “computering” for efficiency, I don’t take my hands off the keyboard. Half of my job is on a standard keyboard, and so familiarizing myself with all the shortcuts and whatnot saves a lot of time versus having to travel back and forth to a mouse or track pad.

      When I am just satisfying the dopamine urges, it’s mouse all the way.

      • jerkface@lemmy.ca
        link
        fedilink
        English
        arrow-up
        2
        arrow-down
        1
        ·
        1 day ago

        Sure. It’s a lowest common denominator interface. With all that comes with that.

        • MutilationWave@lemmy.world
          link
          fedilink
          English
          arrow-up
          2
          ·
          edit-2
          24 hours ago

          Lowest common denominator interface is definitely touch screen, then maybe game controllers but I love those for some games.

          Edit - TV remotes!

    • EatATaco@lemm.ee
      link
      fedilink
      English
      arrow-up
      3
      ·
      1 day ago

      Sure, it’s not 100% better in all situations. But when you’re unfamiliar with something, almost universally, it’s far more intuitive.

      And this doesn’t even take into account things like gaming. I also can’t imagine trying to do visual design things solely with the computer. Like any type of drawing or schematic design.

      Being pretty adept at using the keyboard, I’m often frustrated when I find out that the only way to do something is by mouse when there appears that there should be an easy way to do it by keyboard. But, man, I can’t imagine longing for the days before the mouse.

      • sugar_in_your_tea@sh.itjust.works
        link
        fedilink
        English
        arrow-up
        3
        ·
        1 day ago

        Yes, the mouse is useful in many situations (esp 3d modeling), so I don’t think anyone is arguing that it shouldn’t exist.

        The problem, however, is that we’ve standardized on it for everything, to the point where software often ignores a better KB-driven workflow because the mouse one is good enough. “When all you have is a hammer…”

        We’ve prioritized “intuitive” over “efficient.” There’s nothing wrong with learning to properly use a tool, and it’s sad that we don’t expect users to put in that modicum of effort. In the 80s and 90s, that’s just how things were, you either learn the tools (often with a handbook) or you don’t use them. The net result was a populace that didn’t need support as much, because they were used to reading the docs. If a component died, the docs would tell you how to diagnose and fix it. These days, those docs just don’t exist, so if the solution isn’t intuitive, you replace it (both hardware and software).

        That’s where this frustration comes from. Making things intuitive also means reducing the average person’s understanding of their tools, and the mouse is a symptom of that shift.

        • EatATaco@lemm.ee
          link
          fedilink
          English
          arrow-up
          2
          ·
          22 hours ago

          We’ve prioritized “intuitive” over “efficient.”

          I would argue, overall, it’s more efficient to aim for the former than the latter, especially if we are talking about the wide range of people who need to use a computer.

          But I’m curious as to the “actions per minute” type of efficiency that people are talking about here. I’m an engineer, who has moved into computer programming. I would say the bottleneck for me is never that I have to move my hand to my mouse, but it’s always about thinking and planning. I feel like this “it’s so much more efficient” is viewing us as almost machines that are just trying to output actions, rather than think through and solve problems.

          The net result was a populace that didn’t need support as much, because they were used to reading the docs. If a component died, the docs would tell you how to diagnose and fix it.

          I think this is more of a problem that it went from an extremely niche thing, to something that almost everyone is required to use, rather than a move away from keyboard only. Or, maybe, the rise of the mouse opened the computer to everyone being able to use it, which is why it has become so ubiquitous.

          • sugar_in_your_tea@sh.itjust.works
            link
            fedilink
            English
            arrow-up
            1
            ·
            21 hours ago

            actions per minute

            To me it’s more about ergonomics. Most of my time is spent reading code and sending messages. I use ViM or at least ViM bindings for reading code because it’s so much nicer for navigating code than clicking and scrolling:

            • go to definition? - gd
            • find in file? - /query
            • match braces/quotes? - %

            I’m not saying everyone should learn ViM, I’m just using it as an example. I’m much less concerned about maximizing my text entry speed and more interested in maximizing ergonomics of the tools I use the most every day. For me that’s my text editor and terminal, followed closely by my browser.

            I have no problem with a good mouse UI (I love mouse mode in ViM), my problem is when there isn’t an alternative power user UX (shortcuts and whatnot).

            This extends to a ton of things. Let’s say you want to search for a file, but the GUI indexed search isn’t working properly (maybe it didn’t index your file? Or maybe you need more than string contains?). If you’re comfortable on the CLI and understand regex, you’re set. Or maybe you need to do some bulk change across files, the CLI is going to be really efficient. It’s less about total productivity but not having to do stupid repetitive tasks because that’s my only option. I’d much rather write a script than do the repetitive thing even if the total time spent is equivalent.

            People just aren’t learning the power user stuff these days and look at me like I’m a wizard because I can use tools written 40 years ago…

    • Tarquinn2049@lemmy.world
      link
      fedilink
      English
      arrow-up
      4
      arrow-down
      2
      ·
      1 day ago

      Sounds like I’m glad “home row” style typing fell out of favour. It may be the theoretically fastest way to type eventually, but it seems to lead to pretty rigid behaviour. Adapting to new things as they come along and changing your flow to move with them instead of against them is just a much more comfortable way to live. Even if I only type 80% as fast.

      • jerkface@lemmy.ca
        link
        fedilink
        English
        arrow-up
        6
        ·
        edit-2
        1 day ago

        I have no idea what you mean by “fell out of favour”. Does your keyboard not have pips on F and J? People still touch type. Dunno what to tell you.

        You’re getting hung up on “home row”. You still have to move your hand from the keyboard to the mouse and back. It’s the same problem, whether or not you know how to type well and stare at your hands, except now you have to add steps for “look at the screen” and “look back at your hands”.

        • Tarquinn2049@lemmy.world
          link
          fedilink
          English
          arrow-up
          1
          arrow-down
          5
          ·
          1 day ago

          Fell out of favour in that it isn’t taught as “the correct way to type” any more. Largely because most devices you type on now wouldn’t even have physical keys. So learning home row typing for the occasional time the thing you are typing on is a physical full sized keyboard just disrupts the flow of everything else.

          Being perfectly optimal isn’t as productive as it feels, especially when it leads to resistance to change and adapt.

          • Ledivin@lemmy.world
            link
            fedilink
            English
            arrow-up
            7
            ·
            1 day ago

            Home row is absolutely still taught as the “correct” way to type. Source: kids are in elementary school

            • sugar_in_your_tea@sh.itjust.works
              link
              fedilink
              English
              arrow-up
              3
              ·
              1 day ago

              Yup. My kids learned how to type properly, and they’re in elementary school. And no, their teachers aren’t boomers, they’re a mix of millennials and gen z.

              • MutilationWave@lemmy.world
                link
                fedilink
                English
                arrow-up
                2
                ·
                24 hours ago

                That’s great. It seems like Gen Z didn’t learn typing. Maybe I’m over generalizing, but my three niblings can’t type for shit. The only things they know about computers are what I’ve taught them and then what they learned outside of school using the computers their mom and I got them.

                • sugar_in_your_tea@sh.itjust.works
                  link
                  fedilink
                  English
                  arrow-up
                  3
                  ·
                  edit-2
                  24 hours ago

                  That doesn’t mean they weren’t taught, they probably just didn’t practice. My kids (elementary school) play Minecraft, write stories in my computer, and like searching for stuff online (Amazon and YouTube).

                  That said, we don’t let them use tablets or phones very often, because we don’t want them getting that much screen time. So it could come down to parenting. That said, I’m a software engineer, and I’d teach them if the school didn’t (in fact, I started teaching my first, and stopped because they taught it in school).

                  What I don’t understand is they teach cursive when that’s quite useless. IMO, they should spend that time on more typing practice and maybe calligraphy (much cooler than cursive).

                  • MutilationWave@lemmy.world
                    link
                    fedilink
                    English
                    arrow-up
                    1
                    ·
                    edit-2
                    23 hours ago

                    Yeah fuck cursive. Bury it in a dump and then set the dump on fire. My handwriting now is mostly regular, with cursive flourishes and joined letters here and there that I picked up. My handwriting is terrible for what that’s worth. I want to go fast like a keyboard and it ends up looking bad.

                    These kids are older, 21, 15, and 14. They’re such cool little shits. The younger two were stuck on Minecraft or specifically videos of adults playing Minecraft and screaming like fucking idiots. I’ll never understand the appeal.

                    The youngest, I taught to play Superhot with mouse and keyboard and she was a total natural at age 11. Jealous of that neuroplasticity for sure.

                    They used to beg to come stay with us on the weekend. I loved it, but many times we just didn’t have the energy after working all week, so we said no. Now they don’t want to hang out with us at all, which is sad. So it goes.

                • jerkface@lemmy.ca
                  link
                  fedilink
                  English
                  arrow-up
                  2
                  ·
                  edit-2
                  23 hours ago

                  I hope you taught them how to pirate. ;-) Seriously though, my 20-something associates have absolutely no idea how to, they think it’s some kind of dark art rather than clicking on a link.

                  • MutilationWave@lemmy.world
                    link
                    fedilink
                    English
                    arrow-up
                    1
                    ·
                    edit-2
                    22 hours ago

                    I did not. They are terrible with computers, especially the 15 year old boy. I debloated the computer I gave him less than a year ago. He downloaded so much malware and spyware. I got it all fixed up and he told me it wasn’t running games fast anymore since he switched bedrooms. I’m proud of him for setting it up again himself but he had the HDMI plugged into the onboard graphics instead of the GPU.

                    I acted like I didn’t see all the porn and deleted it from his history.

            • Tarquinn2049@lemmy.world
              link
              fedilink
              English
              arrow-up
              2
              arrow-down
              1
              ·
              24 hours ago

              Hmm, is that a states thing then? Typing courses around here have capitulated on it. You can choose to learn it if max typing speed is the most important factor, but alternate forms of touch typing and muscle memory are fully accepted now. Often times just due to the varying amount of personal practice, the fastest typer in class isn’t even a home row kid.

              But way back when I was in school, they constantly tried to force me to switch to home row, despite already having years of practice typing outside of school. I was already a faster typer than the teacher, so they had a hard time convincing me that their way was better. I eventually saw enough data on it to believe it, but I’m still glad I was unconvinced at the time. I still type fast enough to get any typing job, but I’m not so rigid and can use various types of keyboard equally well. Home row is very good at one thing, but it makes you prioritise that one thing too much. If you really wanted to type fast, but be limited to only one set of hardware, stenography is one step more in that direction.

              • MutilationWave@lemmy.world
                link
                fedilink
                English
                arrow-up
                1
                ·
                edit-2
                21 hours ago

                I get it. I had been messing with computers for years by the time I had a typing class. I was very fast with the method I came up with, and I tried home row. I ended up combining bastardized home row and my homebrew method and got even faster.

              • jerkface@lemmy.ca
                link
                fedilink
                English
                arrow-up
                1
                arrow-down
                2
                ·
                edit-2
                23 hours ago

                fascinating take on touch typing from someone who doesn’t practice, understand, or respect it

                • Tarquinn2049@lemmy.world
                  link
                  fedilink
                  English
                  arrow-up
                  1
                  ·
                  23 hours ago

                  Touch typing is not only home row typing. I do touch type, I just do it in “hunt and peck” style, just without the “hunting” part, and much faster pecking. I feel it’s a much more transferable skill.

                  And while I don’t practice home row, I do feel that I understand it. And I respect it for it’s purpose, I just think it’s outdated, and incongruent with modern life now. It’s more likely to hold someone back rather than benefit them now.

          • jerkface@lemmy.ca
            link
            fedilink
            English
            arrow-up
            5
            ·
            edit-2
            1 day ago

            Yes, it is taught. If you take a typing course, you will be taught to use home row. What you mean is, you were never taught to type because we don’t teach that in school anymore. If you do most your typing on a touch screen, I have to imagine: you are so young. In 20 years when no one is using a touch screen to enter text anymore (but likely still use physical keyboards), you will remember this conversation, and have some greater insight.

            Whether or not you know how to touch type, in any situation where there is a mouse, THERE IS A PHYSICAL KEYBOARD. Not knowing how to touch type just makes the task switching overhead greater.

      • jerkface@lemmy.ca
        link
        fedilink
        English
        arrow-up
        2
        arrow-down
        1
        ·
        edit-2
        1 day ago

        I’ve used ion, ratpoison, i3, sawfish, and other tiling window managers for fifteen or more years, all totaled up. There is a great deal of pressure to use a modern desktop environment and it’s a lot of work maintaining my janky bespoke desktop environment functions necessary for a few critical applications. I use KDE’s tiling features and keyboard shortcuts, but it’s a double edged sword because I have to disable all window manager bindings in (for example) Blender and emacs to avoid shadowing important features. Actually, I have re-implemented a lot of my custom KDE shortcuts as emacs bindings as well, so they still work when emacs has the focus. Here’s one:

        (cl-flet ((switch-to (name)
        	    (lambda ()
        	      (interactive)
        	      (shell-command (concat "wmctrl -a " name)))))
          (global-set-key (kbd "s-1") (switch-to "librewolf"))
          (global-set-key (kbd "s-2") (switch-to "konsole"))
          (global-set-key (kbd "s-3") (switch-to "signal"))
          (global-set-key (kbd "s-4") (switch-to "darktable"))
          (global-set-key (kbd "s-5") (switch-to "emacs")))
        
        • Shareni@programming.dev
          link
          fedilink
          English
          arrow-up
          2
          ·
          1 day ago

          For my wm+Emacs work, I unified the shortcuts by calling a separate go bin that checks if the active window is Emacs or not. If it is, it sends the command to the Emacs Daemon. If it’s not it sends the command to i3. For directional commands like move focus, first check it there’s an Emacs window to that side, if not send the command to i3.

          • jerkface@lemmy.ca
            link
            fedilink
            English
            arrow-up
            2
            ·
            edit-2
            1 day ago

            The things we have to go through just to meet basic needs.

            How are you redirecting all input through your custom exec? Is that an i3 feature?

        • jerkface@lemmy.ca
          link
          fedilink
          English
          arrow-up
          3
          arrow-down
          1
          ·
          edit-2
          1 day ago

          why have I made that anonymous function interactive??

          Edit: Oh I think anything you bind to a key has to be interactive.